Ngemuva kwesikrini ngasinye samadivayisi esisebenzisana nawo nsuku zonke—njengamaselula, amakhompyutha, namawashi ahlakaniphile—kulele ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile: i-TFT. Kungase kuzwakale kungajwayelekile, kodwa “kuyinkosi yomkhuzi” eyenza izibonisi zesimanje zibonise izithombe ezicacile nezibushelelezi. Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-TFT ezikrinini ze-TFT LCD? Hlobo luni lomlingo owaziwa kancane enalo?
I. I-Core Definition ye-TFT: Ukudidiyelwa Okuqondile Kwezigidi "Zokushintsha Okuncane" esikrinini
I-TFT, emfishane ethi Thin-Film Transistor, yaziwa ngokuthi i-thin-film transistor. Ungacabanga ngakho njengeswishi ye-elekthronikhi encane kakhulu esikrinini. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi lokho esivame ukubhekisela kukho njenge-TFT akukaze kube khona ngokuhlukana. Ngaphakathi kwakho konke okubizwa ngokuthi “isikrini se-TFT” (isb., i-TFT-LCD), kukhona uxhaxha olukhulu lwama-TFT—ahlanganisa izigidi noma amashumi ezigidi alawa maswishi amancane, ahlelwe ngobunono phezu kwengilazi engaphansi. I-TFT ngayinye ilawula ngokuzimela nangokunembile i-pixel eyodwaIsifaniso esilula: Uma iphikseli ngayinye esikrinini iqhathaniswa newindi, i-TFT kusikrini se-TFT LCD iyiswishi ehlakaniphile elawula izinga lelo windi elivuleka noma elivaleka ngalo. Inquma ngokunembile ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya (okusuka kumojula yokukhanya kwangemuva) okungadlula kuyo, ekugcineni kuchaze ukukhanya nombala waleyo pixel. Umsebenzi odidiyelwe wama-TFT angenakubalwa wakha isithombe esiphelele esisibona phambi kwamehlo ethu.
II. Umthombo Womlingo: Ukusuka kokuthi “Okwenziwayo” kuye “Kuyasebenza,” Umsebenzi Wezinguquko we-TFT
Umlingo wangempela we-TFT usekufezekiseni kwayo indlela yokulawula eguquguqukayo: “i-matrix esebenzayo yokukhuluma.” Leli yizwe elingaphandle kobuchwepheshe be-“passive matrix” obabukhona ngaphambi kwe-TFT.
I-Dilemma Without TFT (Passive Matrix):
Kwakufana nokusebenzisa igridi yemigqa ephambanayo ukuze ulawule wonke amaphikseli, abengasebenzi kahle futhi athambekele ekuboniseni i-crosstalk nokufiphala kokunyakaza.
I-Intelligence With TFT (Active Matrix):
Iphikseli ngayinye inokushintsha kwayo okuzinikele kwe-TFT. Uma i-pixel idinga ukushayelwa, isignali yokulawula ingathola ngokunembile futhi iyale i-TFT yephikseli ukuthi “ivule” noma “ivale,” igcine isimo sayo kuze kube yilapho iqala kabusha. Lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Ukusabela Ngokushesha: Amaswishi e-TFT asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, ehlisa kakhulu ukufiphala kokunyakaza ezithombeni eziguqukayo ezikrinini ze-TFT LCD.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphansi: Isici sokubamba umbuso kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwezikrini ze-TFT LCD.
III. Ukuqeda Inganekwane: TFT ≠ Uhlobo Lwesikrini; "Iyingqondo Engaphansi" Yesikrini
Umbono oyiphutha ojwayelekile ukuthi "i-TFT iwuhlobo lwesikrini." Eqinisweni, i-TFT ngokwayo ayikhiphi ukukhanya noma ikhiqize umbala. Iwuhlelo lokulawula oluyinkimbinkimbi—“i-cockpit engaphansi” noma “core brain” yesikrini.
Isikrini se-TFT-LCD, esisijwayele kakhulu, yisixazululo esiphelele sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa. Kulokhu, amalungu afanayo e-TFT kusikrini se-TFT LCD anesibopho sokushayela ngokunembile ukuqondanisa kwama-molecule e-liquid crystal ukulawula ukudlula kokukhanya kusukela ekukhanyeni kwangemuva. Ngisho nasezikrinini ze-OLED ezithuthuke kakhulu, lapho kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo yosayizi omkhulu noma enokulungiswa okuphezulu, amalungu afanayo e-TFT asadingeka njengesekhethi yendiza engemuva ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile ukukhishwa kokukhanya kwephikseli ngayinye ye-OLED. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe be-TFT, ukuchazwa okuphezulu, okubushelelezi kwe-TFT LCD esikubona namuhla bekungeke kube khona.
IV. Ukuvela Komndeni we-TFT: I-Material Innovation Drives Performance Leaps
Ukusebenza kwe-TFT kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ze-semiconductor ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Umlando wayo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo uwuhambo lokuqamba izinto ezintsha:
I-Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala be-TFT obuvamile, obunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezindleko kodwa ukusebenza okulinganiselwe, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubonisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS): Ukusebenza okuyeqisayo, nokuhamba kwama-electron aphezulu, okuvumela izikrini ukuthi zisebenzise amandla kakhudlwana futhi ziphendule. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzikrini eziphezulu ze-LCD ne-OLED.
Kafushane, umlingo we-TFT kuzikrini ze-TFT LCD kusemandleni ayo okuguqula amasiginali kagesi aphazamisekile abe izithombe zedijithali ezihlelekile ezingalawulwa ngokunemba kweleveli ye-pixel. Unjiniyela ongacushiwe, onembayo ofihlwe ngaphansi kwephaneli yengilazi. Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe walezi zigidi zamaswishi amancane e-TFT ekugcineni osilethela umhlaba obonakalayo wedijithali ocace ngendlela emangalisayo, ocacile, futhi oshelelayo phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ukuqonda i-TFT kuzikrini ze-TFT LCD kusho ukuqonda isisekelo sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa besimanje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-22-2025